# Ubuntu

# 虚拟机安装

下载VirtualBox软件和ubuntu系统镜像
选择最小化安装，虚拟机网络设置桥接网卡（注意这里）
如果选择的是NAT 网络地址转换，那么请将虚拟机端口映射到主机端口

# 换源提速

默认源地址是国外地址，在中国的话需要换成阿里云的镜像

cd /etc/apt/
rm -r sources.list && touch sources.list

echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list &&
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list

apt update  && apt upgrade  -y

# 重装编辑器

默认的 vim 编辑器存在键盘适配的问题

apt remove vim-common
apt install vim

# 配置网络

无图形界面设置网络（主要是为了固定 IP）

cd /etc/netplan/

# 01-network-manager-all.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
          enp7s0:
                  dhcp4: no
                  addresses: [192.168.4.198/24]
                  gateway4: 192.168.4.1
                  nameservers:
                           addresses: [223.5.5.5, 223.6.6.6, 119.29.29.29]
  wifis:
          wlp8s0:
                  dhcp4: yes
                  access-points:
                      'wifi-ssid':
                         password: wifi-password

netplan apply

重启网络

# 以下命令均可重启网络
# 1 service
sudo service network-manager restart
# 2 systemctl
# systemctl restart NetworkManager.service
# 3 nmcli (不要在服务器上使用这招)
# sudo nmcli networking off
# sudo nmcli networking on
# 查看ip地址
ip addr

# 安装 SSH 服务

apt install openssh-server -y
systemctl start sshd
systemctl enable sshd

略过一些非必要操作(这一步一般不会出现问题，有问题百度即可)
安装完 ssh 就可以全程在本地操作了，服务器挂着就行。
配置 SSHkey 免密码登录，或者使用 SSH 管理软件保存密码

# 客户端生成sshkey，并上传公钥到服务端
ssh-keygen -C '[email protected]'
ssh-copy-id [email protected]

注意: 最后记得备份系统以备不时之需

Basic →